Kenya National Indicators

Direct Drivers

• Inadequate application of basic silvicultural and ecological principles for forest management
• Tragedy of the commons resulting in conflicts over natural resources

Indirect Drivers

• Inadequate integration of the forest sector with other stakeholders
• Unclear forest responsibilities and weak conflict-management capacity
• Weak forest governance and institutions
• Corruption, illegal logging, weak enforcement
• Inadequate benefit sharing from forest resources
• Diverse perceptions of importance of forests
• Communal land tenure systems and their application
• Lack of private ownership, unclear tenure and access to forest resources

Direct Drivers

• Overgrazing and inadequate regulation of grazing in forest reserves and community lands

Indirect Drivers

• More focus shifted to water towers, paying less attention to dryland woodlands, including the coastal and riparian forests

Direct Drivers

• Clearing of forest for agriculture
• Degradation of forest
• Charcoal and fuel wood from unsustainable production
• Infrastructure and urbanisation
• Conversion of communal forest to agriculture
• Mining within forest areas
• Illegal logging

Indirect Drivers

• Demand is higher than supply
• Heavy bureaucracy and poor efficiency obstructing competitiveness
• Limited knowledge of tree growing (and necessary silviculture) as an enterprise
• Poverty, high prices for agriculture products, subsidised fertiliser, tax exemption for certain agricultural machinery resulting in unhealthy competition for land
• Fixed timber prices at low levels
• Rapidly increasing population has heightened the demand for land
• Few or no livelihood options have created over dependence on agriculture and mounting pressure on forest lands

Direct Drivers

• Poor uptake of new technologies
• Poor awareness of deforestation impacts
• Poor knowledge of tree planting

Indirect Drivers

• Uncertain availability of timber and wood for processing enterprises
• Low investment in wood processing resulting in ineffective processing

Direct Drivers

• Unsustainable utilisation, including overgrazing
• Conflict at multiple levels
• Fires are deliber ate, accidental, poorly managed and they destroy forests
• Wildlife damage impacting regeneration

Indirect Drivers

• Traditional farming methods in a context of increased population and overstocking of animals